Encanto
A family story that ends with a song sung to the person, not the gift
At a glance 🔭💭
Some coordinates adapted from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) · Pleiades (CC BY 3.0)
The makers ⏳🌊
- ComposerLin-Manuel Miranda
He wrote every song and brought Colombian rhythms into his own idiom.
- ComposerGermaine Franco
She wrote the score and, with this film, became the first Latina ever nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score.
- DirectorByron Howard
As co-director, he led the film as a whole.
- DirectorJared Bush
He co-directed and helped write the screenplay.
- ScreenplayCharise Castro Smith
She co-wrote the screenplay and co-directed.
- StarringStephanie Beatriz
Voiced Mirabel.
I. Disney goes to Colombia
(Production) Encanto is a Disney animated feature set in Colombia. It was co-directed by Byron Howard and Jared Bush, with playwright Charise Castro Smith contributing to the screenplay and serving as co-director. (Casting) The songs were written by Lin-Manuel Miranda. Having first worked with Disney on Moana, Miranda once again took on the task of turning the characters' inner lives into song, folding Colombia's distinctive rhythms into a familiar personal idiom. (Franco) The score (background music) was entrusted to Germaine Franco, a Mexican American composer who began as a percussionist collaborating with many musicians before moving into film scoring. Franco had previously written the music for Dora and the Lost City of Gold. (Milestone) The film earned Franco an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score. It was a first for a Latina composer. (Research) The filmmakers traveled to Cartagena, Barichara and other parts of Colombia, studying the region's rhythms and instruments, its textiles and architecture, and what they found seeped into every corner of the images and the music.
II. The house of the Madrigals
(Family) The Madrigal family lives in a mountain village in Colombia, alongside Casita, their magical house. Thanks to a miracle granted long ago to Abuela Alma, each of her descendants receives a special gift of their own. (Introduction) The story opens through the eyes of her granddaughter Mirabel. Introducing her family to the village children, she shows off the family's gifts one by one - strength, healing, a knack for plants, an eye that sees the future, and more. (Lack) Mirabel alone received no gift at her coming-of-age ceremony. The fact is mentioned matter-of-factly, yet it remains the central question that holds up the entire story. (Music) The song in this opening introduces the family members in turn with rapid, Spanish-style rhymes and rhythms. Each character gets a short musical signature, so that when that character reappears later, the audience recognizes them at once.
An opening number that introduces the family members and their gifts in turn.
- Each time a family member is introduced in the opening, a short musical fragment comes with it, functioning as a guiding motif (leitmotif) for that character, so the audience recognizes it when it returns later.
- Rapid Spanish rhymes mingle with percussion drawn from Colombian rhythms, conveying the identity of the village where it all takes place without any need for explanation.
- At the moment Mirabel mentions that she has no gift, the accompaniment briefly thins out, a signal of lack that recurs throughout the story.
- The song locks precisely with the staging, which strings the film's entire opening sequence together in a single breath, introducing the characters and the setting at the same time.
A joyful tribute to Colombia, heard in the scene where Antonio receives his gift and again from the film's final scene through the end credits.
- First sung in the celebration where Antonio receives his gift, it returns from the film's final scene through the end credits.
- A buoyant tune in the style of vallenato, Colombian popular music, celebrating the land of Colombia itself.
III. The cracking walls
(Cracks) Mirabel watches cracks spread across the walls of the house. She alone notices that the family and the house, so perfect on the surface, are in fact in peril. (Luisa) Her strong older sister Luisa silently bears burdens no one else can see. She is a character slowly wearing out under the role of holding up the expectations of her family and the village. (Emotion) The song in this passage deals with pressure that never shows on the surface. With breathless rhythms and short, repeated phrases, it portrays how exhausted a seemingly tough character really is. (Development) Convinced that the cracks in the house are tied to a prophecy, Mirabel sets out in search of an answer, following the trail of her uncle Bruno, who vanished as if driven out of the family.
A song in which strong older sister Luisa pours out the burdens she never lets show.
- Even without the lyrics, the rhythm alone conveys breathless, repetitive toil, portraying the inner pressure of a character who seems unbreakable.
- The way the voices swell and pile up in the chorus captures the moment just before long-suppressed feelings spill out.
- After its release the song became a sensation on social media, widely cited as a song about the burnout of people who look strong on the outside.
- The percussion-driven arrangement sounds almost like a musical imitation of the physical weight Luisa actually carries.
IV. The name no one speaks
(Taboo) Feared by the family as a bad omen because of his gift of seeing the future, Bruno left the house long ago. No one speaks his name. (Chorus) One by one, the family members lay out in song their own memories tangled up with Bruno. Each sings with a different rhythm and vocal style, until it all blends into a single chorus. (Response) After its release, the song reached number one on the US Billboard singles chart. It was an unusual popular success for a Disney animated musical number. (Clues) Scattered through the song are fragments of the prophecies each character fears, and as those pieces are later fitted back together, the story moves toward its ending.
A choral number in which each member of the family remembers Bruno in their own way.
- Each character recalls Bruno in a different rhythm and vocal style until, at the end, all the voices blend into one chorus, a structure showing that the fears scattered across the family are ultimately knotted together.
- After its release the song reached number one on the Billboard singles chart, an unusual popular success among Disney animated musical numbers.
- The prophetic images in the song seem to flash by, but they are foreshadowing that will later be reassembled and take on meaning.
- An arrangement that dresses each character in a different genre lets us hear how, even within one family, everyone carries the same memory in their own way.
V. Into the cracks
(Isabela) Isabela, the perfect eldest daughter, admits for the first time, in front of Mirabel, that the role assigned to her is not what she truly wants. (Release) The song at that moment, set to a scene of unruly plants bursting into bloom in place of demure flowers, traces the outpouring of long-suppressed emotion. (Climax) The story hurtles toward a moment on which the fate of the house and the family hangs. As the roots of the wounds Abuela Alma has carried come to light, the conflict reaches its peak. (Variation) The song in this passage is a lament (哀歌) woven with Spanish lyrics, borrowing the metaphor of two caterpillars to speak of parting and change. The family melody heard in the opening quietly returns and changes its meaning. (Award) The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and stands as an example of bringing the idiom of Colombian folk music squarely into a Disney ballad.
A song in which Isabela reveals, for the first time, the true self she has held back.
- The passage where Isabela sings for the first time of wild-growing plants instead of perfect flowers expresses, through leaps in the melody, the moment a suppressed self breaks free.
- As the accompaniment grows more lavish and the meter loosens, the music follows step by step as the character breaks free of the rules.
- The passage where the two sisters' voices first build harmony together shows in music the moment misunderstanding turns into understanding.
A lament set at the story's emotional peak, singing of parting and change through the image of caterpillars.
- Sung entirely in Spanish, this lament borrows the image of two caterpillars to sing quietly of parting and change, carrying the feelings that no line of dialogue spells out.
- A fragment of the family-introduction melody heard in the opening returns softly, but the tune that once sounded bright is now slowed and made mournful, turning its meaning inside out.
- Colombian folk strings and winds come to the fore, preserving a regional color rarely heard in a Disney ballad.
- The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and in the film it is sung in Spanish by the Colombian singer Sebastián Yatra.
VI. The house rebuilt
(Rebuilding) Once the conflict is resolved, the family and the townspeople raise the house again together. The song in this scene gathers up the melodies of characters who had scattered earlier and sings them anew. (Place) Mirabel at last has her place in the family affirmed — not through a gift, but in another way. The song doesn't explain that answer outright; it shows it through the fullness of the chorus. (Resolution) The final number brings back the opening introduction song in altered form, and where it once boasted of gifts, it now puts the people themselves. (Afterglow) To the very end, the score keeps Colombian rhythms woven into the orchestra, and from the final scene through the end credits, "Colombia, Mi Encanto" carries on.
The finale number sung as the family and the town rebuild the house together.
- A finale in which melodic fragments from many earlier characters are gathered and sung again; the very process of separate voices merging into a single harmony stands in for the story's conclusion.
- The opening introduction song returns transformed, and because this time it sings of the people themselves rather than their gifts, the same melody now means something different.
Lesser-known stories
"Dos Oruguitas" is said to be a song on which Miranda took special care to refine the texture of the Spanish. The version used in the film is the Spanish original sung by the Colombian singer Sebastián Yatra; Yatra's English-language recording, "Two Oruguitas," was released separately. Germaine Franco reportedly refused to treat Colombian music as a single blended color, instead distinguishing the musical traditions of the Caribbean coast, the Pacific coast, and the Andean highlands and assigning them differently to each character. This fine-grained distinction — which extends even to instruments such as the marimba de chonta, distinctive to the Pacific coast — is something most audiences never notice. "We Don't Talk About Bruno" is said not to have been a focus of the promotion at first. Early marketing put its weight behind other numbers, but as the song spread on its own by word of mouth, it belatedly rose to become the film's signature tune.
Glossary notes 📚🔎
Leitmotif
(Literal meaning) Leitmotif means "leading (leit) motive (motiv)" in German. It refers to the practice of capturing a particular character or emotion in a short melody and bringing it back again and again. (In film·musical scores) When the short melody attached to a character's first appearance is heard again in later scenes, the audience instantly recalls that character or a related emotion without a word of dialogue. It works on the same principle as a round: after hearing one strain over and over, you can tell which song it is from just a few bars. (Elsewhere) In literature, the word is also used for a symbol or expression that recurs throughout a novel.
Reprise
(Literal meaning) The French reprise comes from the sense of "to take up again, to repeat." (In film·musical scores) It refers to bringing back part of an earlier song's melody or lyrics later on, recast for a different situation and emotion. It's like a game whose rules are first played for fun and later used again at a serious moment — the rules are the same, but the weight of the moment has changed.
Counterpoint
(Literal meaning) Written with the hanja 對 ('to face') and 位 ('position'), daewibeop means melodies set in different positions standing face to face. The English counterpoint likewise comes from the Latin for point (point) against point (point) — that is, note set against note. (In film·musical scores) It is the technique of layering two or more different melodies, sung or played at the same time, so that they fit together rather than clash. When groups singing a round sing different phrases at once and yet the harmony falls perfectly into place, that moment is this very principle.
Arrangement
(Literal meaning) Pyeon-gok (編曲) means to weave (編) a piece of music (曲). (In film·musical scores) The same melody can feel entirely different depending on which instruments play it and with what rhythm. It's like the way a melody feels completely different played on a guitar versus by a full orchestra. (Elsewhere) In flower arranging and interior decoration, too, the word arrangement is used for fitting elements together pleasingly, and in that respect the meanings are alike.
Opening number
(In film·musical scores) The first song heard as the story begins, usually tasked with conveying the characters, the setting, and the rules of the world in compressed form within a short span. It serves much the same function as an emcee at a school talent show introducing the day's program and performers, almost in song, at the very start.
Orchestration
(Literal meaning) Combining the hanja 管 ('pipe') and 絃 ('string'), gwanhyeonak ('pipe-and-string music') means music played by wind and string instruments together. (In film·musical scores) Depending on how the instruments are combined, the same melody can take on an entirely different color. It's like cooking, where the same ingredients taste different depending on the seasoning you add.