Pixies
An experiment by four people who met in Boston, swinging between whisper and scream to rewrite the grammar of alternative rock.
At a glance 🔭💭
Some coordinates adapted from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) · Pleiades (CC BY 3.0)
Members and collaborators ⏳🌊
- MemberBlack Francis (Charles Thompson)
Vocals and guitar; the principal songwriter who wrote nearly all of the band's songs.
- MemberJoey Santiago
On lead guitar, he had been Thompson's friend since before the band was formed.
- MemberKim Deal
On bass and vocals, she later found great success with the Breeders as well.
- MemberDavid Lovering
On drums, he was with the band from its earliest days.
- ProducerSteve Albini
Recorded Surfer Rosa close to live, defining the band's early sound.
- InfluenceKurt Cobain
He said on several occasions that Nirvana's quiet-loud dynamic came from the Pixies.
I. Roads to Amherst · 1965–1986
(Boston) In April 1965, Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV was born in Boston, Massachusetts. The boy who would later take the stage name Black Francis moved from city to city with his family as a child, and when the family for a time embraced Pentecostal faith, biblical imagery and apocalyptic visions were etched deep into his mind. These would become the roots of the surreal, violent imagery in the lyrics he would go on to write. (The Philippines) Joey Santiago was born in the Philippines and emigrated to the United States with his family at a young age, growing up in Massachusetts. He was rarely without a guitar from childhood on, and in the dorms of the University of Massachusetts Amherst he lived on the same floor as Thompson, and the two became friends. Between them passed a vague promise to start a band together. (Dayton) Kim Deal was born in Dayton, Ohio, alongside her twin sister, Kelley Deal. The sisters grew up singing together, and in her early-to-mid twenties Deal married and moved to Boston. At the time she had almost no experience in bands, but her instinct for voice and melody was already unmistakable. (The drummer) David Lovering grew up near Burlington, Massachusetts. Drawn to tinkering as much as to music, he studied electrical engineering at Boston's Wentworth Institute of Technology, unaware as yet of the band he would one day join and the bond it would become.
II. A newspaper ad and the Pixies · 1986
(Dropping out) Thompson was studying anthropology at the University of Massachusetts when he spent a short time in Puerto Rico on an exchange program. The landscapes and strange experiences he found there left a powerful mark on his imagination. Back at school, he decided to abandon his studies and proposed to Santiago that they start a band. (The ad) The band placed an ad in a Boston newspaper looking for a bassist. The requirement: someone who liked both Hüsker Dü and Peter, Paul and Mary. The one who answered this odd pairing was Kim Deal. She had barely ever touched a bass, but she showed up to the audition. (Joining) The drummer's seat was filled by David Lovering, introduced through an acquaintance of Kim Deal's. The band's name came from a word, pixies, that Joey Santiago picked out while leafing through a dictionary. Thompson performed under the name Black Francis, and from then on the four-piece lineup remained the band's core, almost unchanged.
III. 4AD and Surfer Rosa · 1986–1988
(Demo) In 1987 the band recorded seventeen songs at a Boston studio to make a demo tape. This recording, later known as the Purple Tape, found its way into the hands of Ivo Watts-Russell, founder of the British label 4AD, who signed the band at once. It was unusual for an American band to forge its first ties with a British label. (Records) The 1987 EP Come On Pilgrim was followed in 1988 by the full-length album Surfer Rosa. The producer was Steve Albini. He insisted on keeping reverb and editing to a minimum and recording the band almost live, and he later spoke publicly, more than once, about the album's budget and his own fee. (Dynamics) On this album the structure in which Black Francis's restrained whisper collides with a sudden scream — the so-called dynamic that swings between quiet and loud — took on clear form. Kim Deal's voice often hovered in the background like a ghost, and Joey Santiago's guitar shifted between tidy rhythms and raw, ruptured noise.
A track from Surfer Rosa, it is the most iconic showcase of Steve Albini's raw recording approach and the band's quiet-loud dynamic.
- Listen in the opening to the arpeggios (chords played one note at a time) Joey Santiago plays on a guitar run through a chorus (an effect that layers the sound so it shimmers) pedal. They create a hazy texture, as if heard from underwater.
- The female voice lying low in the background of the chorus belongs to Kim Deal, and producer Steve Albini is said to have deliberately recorded it in a tiled bathroom to capture natural reverb.
- Black Francis's voice begins as a restrained whisper and climbs, toward the end, into a high register close to a scream; this drop between extremes creates the tension of the whole song.
- The gradually accelerating playing and blurring fade-out at the song's end often stretch out longer in concert, expanding into a moment when the audience sings along with the chorus.
The only track on which Kim Deal sang lead, it shows how independent her voice and songwriting were within a band increasingly centered on Thompson.
- This is the only track on Surfer Rosa with Kim Deal on lead vocals, and her languid, low-pitched voice carries the entire song.
- The bass line forms the song's skeleton, with the thick, repetitive riff (a short, recurring phrase that forms a song's backbone) Deal wrote herself standing out.
- As Deal revealed in an interview, the song is said to have been loosely inspired by the relationship between lovers of different ages in the film Crimes of the Heart.
- In the chorus there is a moment when the guitar retreats almost into the background, leaving only voice and bass, and this open space makes the song sound even bigger.
IV. Three records at the peak · 1989–1991
(Gil Norton) Beginning with the 1989 album Doolittle, producer Gil Norton came on board and the sound grew more polished. String arrangements such as cello and violin were added, and the band tasted commercial success for the first time in both the United States and Britain. Thompson's lyrics still mixed the Bible, film and surrealist imagery, but the songs' structures grew tighter. (Seeds of discord) With success came growing tension over the creative center of gravity. Thompson wanted to write nearly all of the band's songs himself, and Kim Deal's songs made it onto the albums less and less. During this period Deal started a side band, the Breeders, with Tanya Donelly of the Boston band Throwing Muses. (Touring) With Bossanova in 1990 and Trompe le Monde in 1991 arriving in quick succession, the band toured without pause. Physical exhaustion and icy silences in interviews became routine, and their contemporary in Seattle, Kurt Cobain, later admitted in several interviews that with Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" he had been trying to lift the Pixies' quiet-loud structure wholesale.
With its sound polished by Gil Norton's production, this commercially successful album became the starting point of the band's rise to its peak.
- The album's opening track, "Debaser," begins with a reference to the Spanish surrealist film Un Chien Andalou, and the song distills the mood of the entire album.
- Gil Norton's production refined the sound to far greater clarity than before, and David Lovering's drums signal the song's transitions with fills (short, driving bursts of playing) that roll across the toms (low-pitched drums).
- On tracks like "Monkey Gone to Heaven," cello and violin are layered on top, creating a rich texture unlike that of the earlier albums.
- The quiet-loud dynamic running through the whole album can be heard here in its most finely honed form of the period.
A song that joins string arrangements with apocalyptic imagery, it reveals most vividly the imagination born of Thompson's Pentecostal background.
- The cello and violin arrangement in the opening was added by Gil Norton, lending the song a classical texture unlike the rough sound of what came before.
- The band's ensemble swelling suddenly just before the chorus contrasts with the quiet verses, maximizing the drop of the dynamic.
- The lyrics include a passage that counts off numbers one by one, which, overlapping with apocalyptic imagery hinting at environmental destruction, adds an ominous feeling.
- Black Francis's vocals murmur low and then soar almost to a shriek in the chorus, and this contrast is one of the moments re-created most dramatically in concert.
The signature song of Bossanova, it carries the science-fiction, dreamlike imagery the band loved straight into its sound.
- The guitar in the opening is drenched in tremolo (a technique of repeating a note rapidly, as if trembling) and reverb (echo), producing a sound as if heard from deep space.
- Black Francis lifts his voice into falsetto in the chorus, revealing a noticeably softer tone than on earlier albums.
- The passage in the middle bridge where a string arrangement slips in and then vanishes reveals a relaxed sense of arrangement absent in the Surfer Rosa days.
- The science-fiction, dreamlike imagery the band favored in this period comes through most clearly in this song's title and atmosphere.
V. A rift and a single fax · 1992–1993
(Distance) As touring and recording went on without end, the four talked to one another less and less. Thompson and Deal spoke in interviews of diverging creative directions, and a sense hardened that the balance of power within the band had tipped to one side. Lovering and Santiago acted as buffers between the two, but they could not close the underlying rift. (Breakup) In early 1993, Thompson informed the other members by fax that he was ending the band. With no face-to-face meeting and no farewell show, he declared publicly in a British radio interview that the band was finished. The remaining three got the news by fax and phone, and for a long time afterward they did not speak to one another. (Hiatus) After the breakup, Thompson launched a solo career under the name Frank Black. Kim Deal devoted herself to the Breeders, and with the 1993 album Last Splash she even achieved greater mainstream success than Pixies ever had. Santiago and Lovering scattered to other music and other livelihoods.
VI. Back on stage together · 2004–2013
(Reunion) In 2004 the four came together again after 11 years and set out on a reunion tour. Contrary to expectations that it would be short-lived, the tour stretched over several years, and the band's stature had grown so much that it could headline festivals around the world without releasing a single new song. The tensions and reconciliations of the reunion's early days were also captured in a documentary. (One-off song) In 2004 the band released one new song, “Bam Thwok,” over the internet. Putting out a lone digital single with no new album was a rare move at the time. Written mainly by Kim Deal, the song marked the moment her songwriting reached the world under the band's name once again after a long absence. (Second parting) But the reconciliation was not complete. In 2013, Deal left the band again in the middle of recording a new album. This time there was neither a fax nor a radio announcement, only a quiet split. After passing through session and touring bassists, the remaining three welcomed the Argentine-born musician Paz Lenchantin as a new member.
Released as a lone digital single just after the reunion, it marked the moment Kim Deal's songwriting reached the world under the band's name once again after a long absence.
- As its title, borrowed from a comic-book sound effect, suggests, the song brims with a playful, spontaneous mood.
- Written mainly by Kim Deal, the song is driven by one of her trademark simple, repetitive bass riffs.
- Releasing just one digital single with no new album was in itself an unusual experiment for its time.
- A relatively light song, it sticks in the memory less for its lyrics than for its rhythm and the hum of its chorus.
VII. New faces · 2014–2026
(New album) The 2014 album Indie Cindy was the first full-length recorded without Kim Deal. Reviews were mixed, but it made plain the band's decision to carry on without an original member. The band went on releasing new albums steadily after that, and Paz Lenchantin held down the live stage for years. (Influence) The dynamic of quiet and loud that Pixies forged left a clear mark on the generations that followed. Not only Kurt Cobain but also Radiohead's Thom Yorke named Pixies a decisive influence in early interviews. The view that a whole generation of alternative rock stands on these four people's experiments is by now almost beyond dispute. (Today) Thompson, Santiago and Lovering still take the stage, now with new bassist Emma Richardson. Nearly 40 years have passed since the band formed, yet it carries on without having disbanded.
The first studio album recorded without Kim Deal, it shows the band's decision to carry on without an original member.
- The lead track, “Bagboy,” came out as a single in 2013 ahead of the album and showcases slicker, more modern production than before.
- The guitar tone uses a thicker distortion (a sound deliberately torn and warped), leaving an impression quite different from the rough lo-fi (deliberately low-fidelity) texture of the old days.
- With newly arrived players on board, the rhythm section was judged steadier and heavier than before.
- Longtime fans were divided over how different the album was from the earlier era, and that very division was proof that the band had chosen to go on without an original member.
Lesser-known stories
(Name) The band's name, Pixies, is a word Joey Santiago picked while leafing through a dictionary. He chose it because he liked the definition 'mischievous little elves.' (Microphone) The famous backing vocals on “Where Is My Mind?” were not, in fact, a sound anyone set out to record properly. Producer Steve Albini recalled in several interviews that he deliberately recorded Kim Deal's backing vocals in a tiled bathroom to capture its natural reverberation. (Tape) Among fans, the band's first demo came to be known as the Purple Tape. Eight of its songs were released officially right away as the 1987 EP Come On Pilgrim, while the rest did not appear until 2002, on a separate EP. (Pay) Even as Surfer Rosa came to be ranked among the landmark albums of rock history, Steve Albini spoke publicly for decades about having received only a standard day rate and no royalties at all. He often framed this less as a personal grievance than as a problem with the music industry's payment structure itself, and these remarks later laid the groundwork for his writing criticizing industry practices.
Notes on terms 📚🔎
EP
(Meaning) EP is short for the English Extended Play, meaning, quite literally, a record stretched out longer than an ordinary single. (In rock) It refers to a record shorter than a full album but longer than a single, usually holding anywhere from three or four to six or seven songs. Bands often release one with just a few songs to introduce themselves before their official debut. It's a bit like performing one short set at a school talent show before going on to a longer performance later.
Dynamics
(Meaning) Dynamic comes from the Greek dynamis (power) and originally meant a change in force or energy. (In rock) It refers to structuring a song so that its volume and intensity drop sharply and then suddenly surge. Pixies often sang almost in a whisper, then let everything burst out at once in the chorus. Picture a quiet classroom that erupts into noise the moment the bell rings. (Elsewhere) In sports and organizational theory, dynamic is also used for relations of power or patterns of change.
Overdubbing
(Meaning) A combination of over (on top) and dubbing (recording again), it means layering another sound on top of one already recorded. (In rock) A recording technique in which a guitar or voice is recorded several times in the same place and stacked, or new sounds such as strings are added later. Think of recording a round in advance and then laying a new voice over it.
Alternative rock
(In rock) A term for rock music of the 1980s and '90s that took a different path from mainstream radio. It groups together bands that ignored set formulas for popularity and pursued rough or experimental sounds. It's easy to grasp if you picture the kids in class who push their own tastes instead of following what most people like. (Elsewhere) In general use, alternative widely means another option or a different choice.
Headliner
(Meaning) A combination of head (the very top) and liner (a name written on a line), it means the name printed at the top of a poster in the largest letters. (In rock) It refers to the act that comes on last at a festival or concert and carries the main stage. It's like the team given the final slot at a school talent show becoming the face of that day's performance.
Reverberation (reverb)
(Meaning) Janhyang ('lingering echo') is written with the hanja 殘, 'to remain,' and 響, 'to resound,' and means the resonance that remains after a sound has faded. (In rock) It refers to the resonance created as sound strikes walls or a space and reflects many times over, or to an electronic device that imitates it. Rather than adding this resonance artificially, Steve Albini liked to record a room's actual resonance just as it was. Think of how, when you shout in a cave or a gym, the echo lingers for a long while.