AC/DC
The unadorned prototype of hard rock, which endured for half a century on a handful of simple riffs.
At a glance 🔭💭
Some coordinates adapted from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) · Pleiades (CC BY 3.0)
Members and colleagues ⏳🌊
- MemberMalcolm Young
The co-founder who led the band on rhythm guitar.
- MemberAngus Young
The co-founder whose lead guitar and schoolboy uniform became the band's emblem.
- MemberBon Scott
The vocalist whose raw timbre and improvised stage presence shaped the band's early voice.
- MemberBrian Johnson
The vocalist who succeeded Bon Scott and helped lead the band to legendary success.
- FamilyGeorge Young
A member of the Easybeats and the eldest brother, he produced his younger brothers’ early records.
- CollaborationAxl Rose
On the 2016 tour he took over vocals from Brian Johnson and kept the stage going.
I. From Glasgow to Sydney · 1953–1973
The band was formed in Sydney, Australia, in 1973. But the story begins twenty years earlier, in Glasgow, Scotland. (Birth) Malcolm Young was born in 1953 and Angus Young in 1955, into working-class families in Glasgow. William and Margaret Young had many children, and Malcolm and Angus were among the youngest. The family was poor, but music never stopped in the house. (Emigration) In 1963 the Youngs crossed to Sydney, Australia, under the assisted-migration scheme the postwar British government offered. For the young brothers, emigrating meant starting over in a strange land, and the two boys gave their hearts to the guitar before they gave them to school. (Elder brother) The eldest brother, George Young, was already enjoying national popularity in Sydney as a member of the band the Easybeats. Having left hits like “Friday on My Mind,” George was the first person to show his brothers, through his own life, that music could be a living. Later he would produce their records with his own hands and become the band’s closest adviser. (School uniform) Angus was still a student, drifting from one neighborhood band to another. The story goes that one day he rushed into a venue still wearing his school uniform, and his sister, amused, told him to play in it just as he was. That chance costume would later become his emblem.
II. Formation and members · 1973–1975
(Formation) In late 1973, Malcolm Young put together a new band of his own and asked his younger brother Angus to join. The band’s name is said to have been suggested by their sister Margaret, who spotted the mark “AC/DC” on a sewing machine at home. The electrical term, meaning alternating current and direct current, suited the band’s rough, straight-ahead sound perfectly. (Vocals) The first singer was Dave Evans, but personality clashes kept it from lasting. In 1974 Bon Scott, born in Scotland and raised in Fremantle, Australia, joined the band. Recovering from injuries from a motorcycle accident, he first worked as the band’s driver, and right after Evans was fired he took the microphone and began to sing. (Rhythm) In 1975 Phil Rudd took the drum seat and anchored the rhythmic center. After a string of bassists, Mark Evans settled into the role, completing the early lineup. (Stage) Angus carried the schoolboy outfit straight into the band’s trademark, and by adding a variation on Chuck Berry’s duckwalk he fashioned himself into a player who ran all over the stage. Bon Scott’s raw, improvised showmanship paired with the energy of this young guitarist.
Released just after the early lineup was first complete, the song already makes its rough showmanship and simple structure plain.
- In the intro, Malcolm repeats a thick, ringing chord of just two notes (a power chord), setting up the skeleton of the whole song.
- In the chorus there is a passage in which the whole band trades shouts, and live it turns into a singalong that the audience takes up as is.
- Phil Rudd’s drums keep a steady beat without ornament, making room for the riff to breathe.
- Bon Scott’s voice was recorded in its unpolished, raw texture, giving a feel closer to a concert hall than a studio.
III. First success · 1975–1979
(Record) The debut album High Voltage, released in 1975, first made waves within Australia, and an international edition was assembled the following year, introducing the band beyond Australia for the first time. “T.N.T.,” included on it, became a signature song, with a chorus in which the audience shouts along. (Touring) In 1977 bassist Cliff Williams joined, and the lineup was firmed up once more. The band played almost without rest in small clubs across Britain and Europe, and built Let There Be Rock and Powerage over the course of that grind. Lyrics and sound that spoke in the language of the working class, without showy trappings, kept their distance from the art rock in fashion at the time and carved out a place of their own. (Abroad) The early records were produced by the eldest brother, George Young, and his partner Harry Vanda. The two chose to keep the rough, simple sound just as it was, and this became the foundation that preserved the band’s distinctive rawness. (Leap) In 1979, Highway to Hell, made with producer Robert John “Mutt” Lange, placed the band at the center of the American market for the first time with a sound polished to be clearer and tougher. With success the touring schedule grew tighter, and Bon Scott’s drinking increased.
A title song that mythologizes the endless life on tour, its sound made sharper by Lange’s touch.
- The main riff is heard more distinctly separated than on earlier albums, the result of Lange placing each instrument more clearly at the recording stage.
- Angus’s brief guitar solo keeps ornament to a minimum and simply varies the riff’s melody.
- The simple form, repeating verse and chorus with no bridge, only makes the song more relentless.
- Bon Scott’s vocal has a weary yet unhurried delivery, with a tone that laughs off the hardships of touring as if it were a joke.
IV. Loss and peak · 1980–1981
(Death) In February 1980, Bon Scott was found dead in a friend’s car in London after a night of heavy drinking. The coroner’s verdict was death by asphyxiation from acute alcohol poisoning. He was thirty-three. (Decision) The band considered breaking up, but it decided to continue, with word that Bon Scott’s parents wished them to go on. Brian Johnson, vocalist of the Newcastle band Geordie, was chosen as the new voice, and an anecdote tells that Bon Scott had admired his stage show while alive. (Album) Back in Black, recorded the same year at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas, was completed under Lange’s hands. The opening track “Hells Bells,” which begins with a tolling bell, and the title song were received as open tributes to Bon Scott, and the album remains one of the best-selling records of all time. (Peak) On the 1981 For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) tour, the band staged shows in which real cannons were fired from the stage, displaying one of the high points of stadium rock.
A tribute the band completed with Brian Johnson after losing Bon Scott, and one of the best-selling albums of all time.
- The signature song “Hells Bells” opens with a recording of a real bell, laying a death-haunted atmosphere over the whole song.
- Brian Johnson’s voice is a high, metallic shout; different from Bon Scott’s, it has a similarly scratched texture.
- Malcolm’s and Angus’s guitars are heard clearly divided into different roles: one holds the riff while the other lays a melody over it.
- The recording at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas is broader and cleaner in its resonance than before, as if with the stadium already in mind.
V. Wavering · 1983–1994
(Dismissal) In 1983, Phil Rudd left the band after a falling-out with Malcolm. Simon Wright took his place, and the changed lineup held for nearly a decade. (Absence) Malcolm himself had a failing health from long years of drinking. During the 1988 tour he stepped away, and his nephew Stevie Young filled in temporarily on guitar. In this period the band was mending its relationships, and its sound naturally faltered too. (Search) Flick of the Switch and Fly on the Wall drew mixed reviews, but the band looked for its next step without breaking up. After Malcolm recovered his health, the band returned in 1990 with The Razors Edge and turned the mood around. (Return) “Thunderstruck,” on that album, begins with an intro of Angus’s rapid finger-tapping and once again took over radio around the world. In 1994 Phil Rudd also returned to the band, and the most familiar combination was complete again.
A comeback song in which the band, back from its wavering years, again took over radio worldwide.
- The opening intro is Angus’s technique of rapidly tapping and fretting the strings with his fingers, raising tension with a single guitar alone.
- In the passage that follows, a call-and-response in which the whole band shouts a single word back detonates the song’s tension.
- Chris Slade, who held the seat Phil Rudd left, supports the song with drums that are simple but forceful.
- Live, the guitar intro is often stretched until it takes up a considerable portion of the song’s length.
VI. Loss and change · 2014–2017
(Retirement) In 2014, Malcolm Young was diagnosed with dementia and left the stage for good. His nephew Stevie Young formally took his place. (Court) Late that same year, Phil Rudd was charged with threatening to kill and possessing drugs, and was convicted the following year, so he could not join the tour. Chris Slade played drums in his place on the Rock or Bust tour. (Hearing) In 2016, Brian Johnson publicly disclosed severe hearing loss and withdrew from the remaining tour dates. Around the same time, Axl Rose of Guns N’ Roses took over vocals for the remaining shows, creating an intriguing scene that linked rock of different generations. (Death) In November 2017, Malcolm Young died after a long illness. In October of the same year, George Young, the eldest brother and longtime producer, had also passed away. To lose two people in a single year was a heavy time for both the band and the family.
The title track of the first album made without Malcolm, it sounds like a declaration that the band will go on even after the loss.
- The riff comes through in a deliberately torn, distorted guitar tone (distortion) over a sound more tightly polished than before, confirming an identity that the years have not changed.
- Nephew Stevie Young's rhythm guitar is said to carry on Malcolm's way of playing quite consciously.
- At just over three minutes, it ends short, keeping the band's characteristic habit of striking hard and leaving without much talk.
- Brian Johnson's vocal repeats short, terse phrases, creating a tone as if shouting a manifesto.
VII. Now · 2020–
(Return) With Power Up in 2020, the band came back together. Cliff Williams and Phil Rudd returned, and Brian Johnson came back on vocals. The album was presented as a tribute to Malcolm Young. (Stage) Angus Young, nearing seventy, still ran across the stage in his school uniform and kept up the 2023 and 2024 shows. The performances, alongside new session players, showed plainly that the band was still active. (Legacy) Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003, the band left a deep mark on the generations that followed hard rock and heavy metal. Its story of enduring half a century on simple riffs and an unadorned attitude is still going on today.
The signature song of Power Up, completed by the long-time members reunited, it still carries the memory of Malcolm.
- The opening riff sounds like a return to the plain idiom of the early records, and many critics say the band deliberately gave it a retro color.
- The interplay of bass and drums (groove) made by Phil Rudd and Cliff Williams shows a steadiness that only people who have played together for decades can achieve.
- Brian Johnson's voice is lower than before, but the chorus still has passages where he pushes up with real power.
- Angus's short solo chooses to replay familiar fragments of melody rather than flashy technique.
Lesser-known stories
Just before AC/DC formed, George Young and Harry Vanda put together a project called the Marcus Hook Roll Band and recorded an album. The ones who added guitar were none other than the young Malcolm and Angus, which means they had quietly taken part in their older brother's studio work before a proper band even existed. A rumor that the band's name refers to bisexuality has circulated for decades, but members and biographers have repeatedly denied it. The explanation the members themselves gave is that their sister Margaret suggested it after seeing the AC/DC (alternating current/direct current) marking on a household appliance, and it has nothing to do with sexual meaning. Bon Scott did not join as a singer from the start; he first got involved by helping with the band's driving and odd jobs while recovering from injuries from a motorcycle accident. When the then-singer Dave Evans was fired, his taking over the spot was less a planned recruitment than a nearly accidental transition. The cemetery in Fremantle, Australia, where Bon Scott is buried has become a pilgrimage site for fans today and was even named in one travel survey as one of the most impressive tourist sites in Australia. It is rare for a musician's grave to become a popular landmark in this way.
Terminology notes 📚🔎
Riff
(In rock) A short guitar melody or chord progression that repeats throughout a song and holds it up. Like a short chant that a cheering squad keeps repeating at a sporting event, a riff, once heard, calls the whole song to mind.
Power chord
(In rock) A playing technique that takes a chord usually made of three notes, removes the note that decides whether it sounds bright or dark, and leaves only two, so that it rings thicker and more solid. Like a simple sandwich with several ingredients left out, the makeup is plain, but that is exactly why it is so strong.
Distortion
(Word origin) English distortion comes from the Latin distorquere, meaning 'to twist.' (In rock) An effect made by deliberately sending an excessive signal into a guitar amplifier so that the sound tears, similar in principle to the way a voice cracks when you shout loudly into a cheap speaker. (Elsewhere) The same word is used in photography and lenses, where it refers to the phenomenon of an image looking bent or warped.
Groove
(Word origin) English groove originally meant the channel cut into a record, and the metaphor arose from the way the needle goes round and round following that groove. (In rock) The repetitive rhythmic feel that bass and drums create by locking together, which makes the body move, much like the feel of bouncing a basketball at steady intervals.
Overdubbing
(Word origin) Dubbing comes from the English double, meaning 'to lay over,' and overdubbing means laying yet another layer on top of that. (In rock) A recording method in which extra guitar or vocals are layered on top of music already recorded, much like stacking several sheets of transparent paper, each drawn on separately, to make one finished picture. (Elsewhere) In Korea, dubbing usually refers to the work of replacing the dialogue of a film or drama with voices in another language.
Solo
(Word origin) Solo comes from the Italian word meaning 'alone.' (In rock) A passage in which the other instruments step back and a single instrument, usually the guitar, is briefly in the spotlight. It is like someone in a group presentation stepping forward for a moment to deliver their part and then returning to their seat. (Elsewhere) The same word is used for solitary activities such as travel or card games.